Migration+Waves+to+the+UK

=MIGRATION WAVES TO THE UK=

Total population of Black Caribbean’s in 2001: 565,876Country of origin: CaribbeanReason of migration: Britain need help to rebuild the country Between 1955 and 1962: a quarter of a million immigrants black Caribbean's arrived. In 1962, the Commonwealth Immigrants Act have been created to limit the number of immigrants. The mass immigration to the UK of different cultures had changed the behavior of the population. These businesses had an annual turnover of approximately 10 billion of pound sterling.Caribbean’s job: they dominate by transport, communication, health and other public services. During the 1980s, more than 60% of Caribbean's have been excluded from professional and managerial… UK regions with significant populations: London, West Midlands, Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire, Bristol, East Midlands. They contributed to the development of the health service. The biggest and traditional sectors for the black Caribbean's are building and construction, mechanics, hairdressing, dressmaking and computing.
 * Black Caribbean **

//**__ Chinese and Greek Cypriots (1950s-1960s) __**//
 * Chinese and Greek Cypriot **

//**__Chinese:__**// -__Who:__ agricultural Chinese workers -__Where:__ from the New Territories in Hong Kong -__Work:__ Chinese catering industry and laundry business

//**__Greek Cypriots:__**// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">__-Reason:__ When Turkey invaded northern Cyprus (1974) Greek residents evicted and fled their island to go to Britain. Estimate: 20.000

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 * //__<span style="color: #215868; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9px;">1947: __//** - The Indian subcontinent was partitioned into two countries: Hindu India and Muslin Pakistan **//__<span style="color: #215868; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 9px;">1971 : __//** - Bangladesh was created after it became independent from Pakistan - The Bangladeshi, member of the Commonwealth **//__<span style="color: #215868; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 9px;">Reasons for migrating? __//** Because of their economics problems, Bangladeshi made their way to the United Kingdom, to work there. **//__<span style="color: #215868; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 9px;">Evolution of the migration? Reasons? __//** The migration has increased. At first there were only men, however their wives and dependants from Bangladesh joined them which led to a rapid expansion of the Bangladeshi population until the 1980's. **//__<span style="color: #215868; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 9px;">Where do they settle ? __//** The Bangladeshi and Indian migrants were settled in the North West and West midlands of London. The Indians, in Southall West London (over there 70 cent per cent of the population belong to the Indians community).The Pakistani migrants were from London, West Midlands, Yorkshire and Humber. And the British Bangladeshi's were also settled in London, and in North West and West Midlands. =====

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Whereas the Pakistani community has a strong presence in both manufacturing and business services; and the Bangladeshi businesses in London include restaurants, takeaways, convenience stores and even law practices ! ===== <span style="color: #00b050; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12px;">aucune information
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 24px;">East African Asians and Vietnamese **

__ Country of origin and percentage of Black Africans in UK population __ : Nigerians (21%), Ghanaians (16%), Ethiopians, Somalis, Eritreans, and Congolese (14%), Ugandans (8%), Sierra Leonans (3%), Kenyans, Zambians, and South Africans (2%).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 24px;">Black African **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">__ The differents stages of migrations of Black Africans __ : <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1940: small scale settlement of black African <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1960: African elites settlement in the UK <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1980-90: migration of black African anglophone, West Africans colonies, and francophone Africans in 1989

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">__ Causes __ : <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">political conflict and tensions (Angola, Ivory Cost, DRC …)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1991: 212 000 000 black Africans in UK <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2001: 485 000 000 black Africans in UK <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1% of total population of UK <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">10% of minority ethnic population of UK

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The majority of Black Africans are born in the UK (36%), and the majority of migrants from of Nigeria (21%) because of civil war. The other migrants: from Romania and the former Yugoslavia who came as refugees.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 24px;">Eastern Europe A8 Workers **

__<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Historical context __ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">8 new Eastern European countries in the EU (1st may 2004): Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">A8 corresponds of number of country who joined the European Union in 2004 __<span style="color: #c00000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Fact on EU migrants __ <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The majority of migrants work in farm work in factory worker. Indeed, there are 37% of migrants who work in this job whereas less of half of European country migrants work <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">in caring <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">, sales retail, <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">packing <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> etc.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> I note that the majority of EU migrant work in factory worker. There are 37% of migrants who work in this job. Then the second great job where work the EU Migrant is warehouse (10% of migrants). A lot of Migrants work in this job because they arrive In United-Kingdom without diploma so they can’t work in a tertiary job <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">After, there are eight other jobs, but they represent a minority job for migrant. Indeed, only 9% of migrant work in catering, packing, cleaning; 6% work in Caring, as waiters, 5% work in farm worker, hotel maid and 4% work in sale.

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<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">I can see that the majority of migrant are between 18 and24 years old. Indeed there are 43% of migrants. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Then 39% of migrant are between 25 and 34 years old. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">After I note that only 11% are between 35 and 44 years old, 6% are between 45 and 54 years old. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Finally 1 % is more of 55 years old. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">I deduce that the migrants come in U-K when they are young for find a job

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